Research Data and Articles
Research compiled by Trans Northland on the topics of transgender athletes, gender affirming care, and bathroom bills. Includes studies, articles, fact sheets, FAQs, etc. from a mix of high-quality research journals and institutions and data breakdowns from reputable organizations.
Transgender Athletes
Strength, power and aerobic capacity of transgender athletes: a cross-sectional study
A large-scale study showing negligible difference in performance between transgender women and cisgender women, published in 2024
Trans Women in Sport: What Does the Science Say?
A breakdown of research data for transgender and nonbinary athletes and the effects of gender affirming hormone therapy, published in 2024 and updated in 2026
Trans Women in Sports: Facts Over Fear
A 2025 San Francisco Office of Transgender Initiatives article with historical examples of gender diversity in sports, discrimination in sports, and rationale for allowing transgender athletes to participate with their aligned genders
Gender Affirming Care (GAC)
Get the Facts on Transgender Healthcare
A robust resource from the Human Rights Campaign with information and sources in an FAQ format
APA Policy Statement on Affirming Evidence-Based Inclusive Care for Transgender, Gender Diverse, and Nonbinary Individuals, Addressing Misinformation, and the Role of Psychological Practice and Science
American Psychological Association’s 2024 rationale for GAC
Gender-affirming Care for Transgender Patients
A breakdown of what GAC entails and how it works, published in 2022
Gender-affirming hormone therapy, mental health, and surgical considerations for aging transgender and gender diverse adults
A research study on the effectiveness of and need for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in older trans adults, published in 2023
A systematic review of psychosocial functioning changes after gender-affirming hormone therapy among transgender people
A study examining the psychosocial functioning changes experienced by transgender individuals utilizing gender affirming hormone therapy, published in 2023 [alternative link to access (DOI)]
Bathroom Bills
Safety and Privacy in Public Restrooms and Other Gendered Facilities
A brief overview of data relating to transgender individuals accessing bathrooms that align with their affirmed gender, published in 2025 by the Williams Institute at the UCLA School of Law
Transgender People and Bathroom Access
An article from Advocates for Trans Equality defending the rights of transgender and gender diverse individuals’ bathroom access
Fact Sheet: Misleading Narratives About Transgender People and Restrooms, Locker Rooms, and Other Single-Sex Spaces
A quick fact sheet from GLAAD from 2025 that debunks common myths surrounding transgender people and their risks/safety in single-sex spaces
Transgender and nonbinary young people’s bathroom avoidance and mental health
A study showing the negative effects on the mental and physical health of individuals forced to utilize bathrooms that do not match their affirmed gender, published in 2024 [alternative link to access (DOI)]